Vedanta, Buddhism, and Consciousness

Vedanta

• Literal translation (ved-anta => knowledge-end) : the end of knowledge, or the conclusion of knowledge.
• Its essence can be summed up in its five kleshas (causes) related to human existence and suffering.
  (1) Not knowing the true nature of reality. (2) Clinging to, or grasping, what is ephemeral, transitory, and therefore not real. In other words, running away from what is real. (3) Aversion to, revulsion to, fear of what is ephemeral, transitory, and therefore not real. (4) Identification with a false or contrived self, which is our ego. (5) Fear of death.
• All other causes can be related to one or the other of these five kleshas.

Upanishads: The only cause of suffering is the first one mentioned above, that is, not knowing the true nature of reality.

Buddhism: Buddhism is centered on the alleviation of human suffering. The causes of suffering, and the way out of suffering.

Buddhism/Vedanta:
Look back at your footsteps, and see yourself.
Every state of consciousness projects its own reality. And there are various states.

Consciousness (Projection of Reality)
1 Deep sleep (limited; can respond to the cry of fire, a mother can respond to the cry of her baby, etc.; spirit is in surveillance).
2 Dreams (more repertoire of experience, of karmic software; while dreaming all real, be it joy, pain, fear, etc; when we wake up we realize it was not real (note-1: insight of the dream occurs after the dream, not during the dream; note-2: after dream, we wake up to another dream, the waking state of consciousness)
3 Waking state of consciousness (In it, perception is equally transitory, ephemeral, etc. Feeling can be similar as in a dream, that is, joy, pain, fear, etc;)
4, 5, 6: I have not yet grasped these additional three states, and hence been unable to summarizie them. (Ajay)

Source: Discussion between Robert Thurman (Writer; Buddhist Scholar; Professor, Columbia University) and Prem Chopra (Writer; Hindu Scholar; Doctor)